ITAO – Module 3 – Links and Navigation ( Test 2)

_______________ read content directly from the DOM (a page’s underlying code after JavaScript has modified it), not the actual screen.

Custom links and controls require a ______________ attribute to receive focus.

Keyboard users navigate from interactive item to interactive item using the Tab key, in sequential order, following what’s called the ____________ .

In the example shown below, The _________  event handles mouse and touch input.

<a href="http://www.bing.com" class="link">Bing</a> <a href="http://www.duckduckgo.com" class="link">DuckDuckGo</a> <span    tabindex="0"    role="link"    class="link"   onclick="goToLink(event, 'http://www.google.ca/')"    onkeydown="goToLink(event, 'http://www.google.ca/')">      Google</span>

A _____________________  attribute value removes the element from the focus order, but allows it to receive programmatic focus using the element’s JavaScript focus() method.

In the example shown below, the ___________  event handles Enter key input.

<a href="http://www.bing.com" class="link">Bing</a> <a href="http://www.duckduckgo.com" class="link">DuckDuckGo</a> <span    tabindex="0"    role="link"    class="link"   onclick="goToLink(event, 'http://www.google.ca/')"    onkeydown="goToLink(event, 'http://www.google.ca/')">      Google</span>

Ensuring that repeated components and links occur in the same order on each page helps users predict where they can find things. This helps users with:

Any tabindex greater than ______  jumps the element to the front of the natural tab order.

A ______________  attribute value removes the element from the focus order, but allows it to receive programmatic focus.

When the Boolean __________  attribute is present, it makes the element not mutable, focusable, or submitted with the form.

With the Tabs widget, only one tab at a time may be in the tab order: the selected tab has ___________ , while the inactive tabs have ____________.

Focus refers to which interactive control on the screen such as  _________________  currently receives input from the keyboard (and from the clipboard when you paste content).

Using a tabindex attribute value greater than _______  is considered an anti-pattern.

Remove CSS styling to simulate the screen reader experience. The content should make sense, reading top to bottom.

A ____________  is particularly helpful to sighted users with motor disabilities, blind users and keyboard users.

When Inserting a custom link into the tab order the ___________  attribute identifies it to screen reader users.

Changes of context must be anticipated by the user if triggered by changing the setting of a_________  (on input).

When a field receives focus, a help dialog window describing the field and providing options opens. As a keyboard user tabs through the Web page, the dialog opens, moving the keyboard focus away from the control every time the user attempts to tab past the field.

The order of interactive items (links, buttons, form controls and custom controls) in the DOM is the order in which they’re encountered by___________ users.

From one page to the next, the relative order of components on the page and of links within navigation blocks should remain unchanged.

Keyboard users navigate from interactive item to interactive item using the Tab key, in sequential order, and use ___________  keys to move backwards in the focus order.

A ___________  allows readers to navigate directly to a specific section of the document.

It acts as an overview of the document’s main topics and so allows users to preview the content without having to scroll down and read or skim.

For____________  users, focus is absolutely critical. It’s the equivalent of a mouse cursor, and it's how they reach all of the interactive controls in an application.

Provide _____________  to locate a Web page within a set of Web pages

From one page to the next, identical functional components should be consistently named. For instance, a widget named "Search" on one page is named "Search" on the other pages, not sometimes "Find". This includes the alt text of icons and other non-text items with identical functionality.

Unexpected changes of context impact users with:

, users with , users who are blind, and users with certain cognitive limitations.

The table of contents for a page should reflect the heading structure of the page.

To prevent a link from receiving focus, remove its____________  attribute.

Not all elements are focusable. Non-interactive elements like ________________  and various other page elements are not focused as you tab through the page.

Users have no need to focus on something if they can't interact with it.

Changing a setting include checking a checkbox, entering text into a text field, or changing the selected option in a <select> element must not cause change of context.

If there are multiple elements with a tabindex > 0, then the tab order starts from the lowest value greater than zero and works its way up.

A form contains fields representing US phone numbers. All of the numbers have a three digit area code followed by a three digit prefix and finally a four digit number, and each part of the phone number is entered into a separate field. When the user completes the entry of one field the focus automatically moves to the next field of the phone number. This behavior of phone fields is described for the user at the beginning of the form.

A change of context includes changes of:

A) User agent (Software that retrieves and presents content, e.g., a Web browser, media player, plug-in or other program including assistive technologies. A completely separate user agent, such as an external viewer programme, opens.)

B) Viewport (Content is rendered in one or more viewports. These include browser windows, browser tabs, frames, loudspeakers, and virtual magnifying glasses. Typically, a new window opens.)

C) Focus (Focus refers to which interactive control on the screen -- a link, form control, button, or custom control -- currently receives input from the keyboard (and from the clipboard when you paste content). The user's focus moves unexpectedly to a different part of the current Web page.)

D) Content that changes the meaning of the Web page (This includes significantly re-arranging the content of a page.)

A tabindex attribute value of _____  puts the element in the focus order, at its current location in the DOM.

Changes of context must never be triggered __________ , and must be anticipated by the user if triggered by changing the setting of a control (on input).

The tabindex values change as the keyboard user navigates across the tabs, using the Arrow keys to set focus on a new tab.

User can also prevent a control from gaining focus by giving it a ____________  attribute.

Do not hide the skip link using any of these CSS options:

A) Use CSS to permanently position the link off screen

B) Set display: none

C) Set visibility: invisible

If you want an element to come sooner in the tab order, move it to an earlier spot in the DOM rather than set a _________ tabindex value.

An item with focus also has what’s called a visual focus indicator or focus ring. The style of it depends on the browser or the styling applied by the page author. Firefox, for instance, displays a _______________ .

A form is provided for creating calendar entries in a Web based calendaring and scheduling application. Along with the standard fields for subject, time and location, there is a set of radio buttons to select the type of calendar entry to create. The calendar entry type can be meeting, appointment or reminder. If the user selects the radio for meeting, additional fields are displayed on the page for entering the meeting participants. Different fields appear if the reminder button is chosen. Because only parts of the entry change and the overall structure remains the same the basic context remains for the user.

A component that triggers an event (or a control) when it receives focus must not change the context.

Examples of change of context are:

A ) Causing a form to submit automatically

B) Causing a new window to launch

C) Causing focus to change to another control

The keyboard navigation order must be logical and intuitive. Typically, this means ensuring the navigation follows the visual flow of the page, ___________________.

For Focus Indicator,  Chrome highlights focused elements with a ______________ .

A document icon is used to indicate document download throughout a site. The text alternative for the icon always begins with the word “Download," followed by a shortened form of the document title. Using different text alternatives to identify document names for different documents is a consistent use of text alternatives.

Positive tabindex values often create counter-intuitive flow for keyboard users.

A change of content is not always a change of context.

A tabindex value greater than____ is almost always a bad idea and should be avoided.

Focus determines where ______________  go in the page.

To prevent a button or form control from receiving focus, add the ____________  attribute

When possible use a _____________  instead of building a custom control with ARIA.

The _____________  attribute is mostly used as a means of managing focus within widgets.

In the character key shortcuts, a mechanism is available to________  the shortcut to include one or more non-printable keyboard keys (e.g., Ctrl, Alt).

Give the user control over changes of context with an explicit user action that's generally understood to cause a change of context; e.g, clicking a link or pressing a submit button. This is an example of ______________ :

A tabindex value of _______  removes an interactive element from the focus order, but enables it to be targeted by script (and changed) using its focus() method.

Some of the _______________  even have additional keyboard support built in. For instance, with the select element focused you can press the Up and Down arrow keys to select different children, and start typing to auto-complete to one of the available items.

To ensure a meaningful reading order, position content in the same sequence as the underlying code.

When Inserting a custom link into the tab order the ______________  attribute adds the <span> element to the focus order.

When JavaScript inserts new content, the content should follow the __________  element, not precede it.

Like reading order, ______________  is determined by the Web page’s source order.

To receive focus, a link must have a populated ___________  attribute.

When designing for skip-links, assign the destination the ____________ attribute. This fixes shortcomings in some browsers that move the viewport to the destination but not the focus.

<body>   <a id="skip-nav" class="show-with-focus" href="#main-content">Skip To Content </a>      [...]   <main id="main-content" tabindex=____ >Main Content Goes Here</main></body>

______________  elements – links, buttons and form controls – are implicitly focusable, meaning they receive focus by default without additional markup.

When user actions unexpectedly cause a major change to a web page known as a _________________.

The design goal of onFocus ( ) is________________ .

From one page to the next, the ____________  of components on the page and of links within navigation blocks should remain unchanged.

In the Keyboard Shortcut, turn off mechanism is available to turn the____________  off.

Changes of context must never be triggered ______________ .

A dropdown menu on a page allows users to choose between jump destinations. If the person uses the keyboard to move down to a choice and activates it (with a spacebar or enter key) it will jump to a new page. However, if the person moves down to a choice and either hits the escape or the tab key to move out of the pulldown menu – it does not jump to a new screen as the focus shifts out of the dropdown menu.